An evidence-focused verdict on the claim that moral panics and media‑amplified internet threats systematically overstate online risks. This article separates documented findings, contested interpretations, and gaps in causation, with an evidence score, sources, and practical guidance for reading future claims.

A neutral, evidence-focused verdict on claims about online hoaxes, chain messages and viral disinformation. This article separates well-documented facts from plausible inferences and unsupported assertions, assigns an evidence score, and explains how to read future claims critically.

Independent review of claims blaming online games, apps, and technology for real-world harm. This verdict separates documented findings, plausible but unproven links, and contradicted or weakly supported assertions, and gives an evidence score with source-backed explanation.

A neutral, evidence-focused timeline tracing major episodes often labeled as moral panics about internet threats — from foundational theory to Slender Man, Blue Whale, and Momo — with primary documents, media responses, and where the record is disputed.

A neutral, evidence-focused timeline tracing how the “Blue Whale” panic emerged, which reports and investigations drove international attention, and where claims are documented, disputed, or remain unproven. This article distinguishes verified records (arrests, laws, court rulings) from widely shared but weakly documented assertions.

A neutral, evidence-focused timeline that tracks major online hoaxes, chain-message panics and viral disinformation claims, with primary sources, moments that changed platform responses, disputed episodes, and an evidence score explaining where documentation is strong and where it is weak.

A neutral, evidence-focused review of the ‘Momo Challenge’ hoax claims: where the story came from, what fact‑checkers and experts found, the strongest counterevidence, remaining uncertainties, and what would be required to change the assessment.

Claims that online games, apps, or platform algorithms directly cause real-world harm are common. This counterevidence review tests those claims against peer-reviewed studies, official reports, and expert analyses, separating documented findings from disputed or unproven inferences.

A careful, evidence-focused review of claims that media and online platforms routinely create moral panics about ‘internet threats.’ This article tests those claims against academic research, high‑quality reporting, and documented case studies (for example, the Momo/Blue Whale episodes), separating what is documented, what is disputed, and what remains unresolved.